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Starship Troopers - Wikipedia. Starship Troopers is a military science fiction novel by U. S. writer Robert A. Heinlein. Written in a few weeks in reaction to the U. S. suspending nuclear tests,[4] the story was first published as a two- part serial in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction as Starship Soldier, and published as a book by G.

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P. Putnam's Sons in December 1. The story is set in a future society ruled by a world government dominated by a military elite. The first- person narrative follows Juan "Johnny" Rico through his military service in the Mobile Infantry. Rico progresses from recruit to officer against the backdrop of an interstellar war between humans and an alien species known as "Arachnids" or "Bugs". Interspersed with the primary plot are classroom scenes in which Rico and others discuss philosophical and moral issues, including aspects of suffrage, civic virtue, juvenile delinquency, and war; these discussions have been described as expounding Heinlein's own political views.[6]Starship Troopers has been identified with a tradition of militarism in U.

S. science fiction, and draws parallels between the conflict between humans and the Bugs, and the Cold War. A coming- of- age novel, Starship Troopers also critiques U. S. society of the 1. Starship Troopers brought to an end Heinlein's series of juvenile novels. It became one of his best- selling books, and is considered his most widely known work.[1.

The Federation launched a full scale invasion of what they believed to be the Arachnid home world Klendathu; However, this invasion turned out to be a complete. Starship Troopers is a 1997 American military science-fiction action film directed by Paul Verhoeven and written by Edward Neumeier. It originally came from an. Directed by Edward Neumeier. With Casper Van Dien, Jolene Blalock, Stephen Hogan, Boris Kodjoe. Johnny Rico is called back into action to defeat the bugs.

It won the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1. It also became enormously controversial because of the political views it seemed to support. Reviewers were strongly critical of the book's intentional glorification of the military, an aspect described as propaganda and likened to recruitment. The ideology of militarism and the fact that only military veterans had the right to vote in the novel's fictional society led to it being frequently described as fascist.[1. This description is disputed, some commentators arguing that Heinlein was only exploring the idea of limiting the right to vote to a certain group of people.[1. Heinlein's depiction of gender has also been questioned, while reviewers have said that the terms used to describe the aliens were akin to racial epithets.[1.

Despite the controversy, Starship Troopers was widely influential both within and outside science fiction. Ken Mac. Leod stated that "the political strand in [science fiction] can be described as a dialogue with Heinlein". Science fiction critic Darko Suvin wrote that Starship Troopers is the "ancestral text of U. S. science fiction militarism" and that it shaped the debate about the role of the military in society for many years. The novel has been credited with popularizing the idea of powered armor, which has since become a recurring feature in science fiction books and films, as well as an object of scientific research.[2.

Heinlein's depiction of a futuristic military was also influential. Later science fiction books such as Joe Haldeman's anti- war novel The Forever War have been described as reactions to Starship Troopers.[2. The story has been adapted several times, including in a 1. Paul Verhoeven that sought to satirize what the director saw as the fascist aspects of the novel.[2. Writing and publication[edit]Robert Heinlein was among the best- selling science fiction authors of the 1. Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C.

Clarke; they were known as the "big three" that dominated U. S. science fiction. In contrast to the others, Heinlein firmly endorsed the anti- communist sentiment of the Cold War era in his writing.[2.

Heinlein served in the U. S. navy for five years after graduating from the United States Naval Academy in 1. Supernatural Saison 10 Episode 14 Vostfr. His experience in the military profoundly influenced his fiction.

At some point between 1. Heinlein put aside the novel that would become Stranger in a Strange Land and wrote Starship Troopers. His motivation arose partially from his anger at U.

S. President Dwight Eisenhower's decision to suspend U. S. nuclear tests, and the Soviet tests that occurred soon afterward.[4] Writing in his 1. Expanded Universe, Heinlein would say that the publication of a newspaper advertisement placed by the National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy on April 5, 1.

United States sparked his desire to write Starship Troopers. Heinlein and his wife Virginia created the "Patrick Henry League" in an attempt to create support for the U.

S. nuclear testing program. Heinlein stated that he used the novel to clarify his military and political views. As was the case with many of Heinlein's books, Starship Troopers was completed in a few weeks. It was originally written as a juvenile novel for New York publishing house Scribner; Heinlein had previously had success with this format, having written several such novels published by Scribner. The manuscript was rejected, prompting Heinlein to end his association with the publisher completely, and resume writing books with adult themes.[4][1. Scholars have suggested that Scribner's rejection was based on ideological objections to the content of the novel, particularly its treatment of military conflict.[1. The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction first published Starship Troopers in October and November 1.

Starship Soldier.[2. A senior editor at Putnam's, Peter Israel, purchased the manuscript and approved revisions that made it more marketable to adults. Asked whether it was aimed at children or adults, he said at a sales conference "Let's let the readers decide who likes it."[3. The novel was eventually published by G. P. Putnam's Sons.[2. Setting[edit]Set approximately 7. Starship Troopers is ruled by the Terran Federation, a form of world government dominated by a military elite.

The society is depicted as affluent, and futuristic technology shown as coexisting with educational methods from the 2. The rights of a full citizen, to vote and hold public office, are not universally guaranteed, but must be earned through Federal Service.[1.

Those who do not perform this service, which usually takes the form of military service, retain the rights of free speech and assembly, but cannot vote or hold public office. People of any gender above the age of 1.

Those who leave before completing their service do not receive the vote.[1. Important government jobs are reserved for military veterans.

This structure arose ad hoc after the collapse of the "2. Western democracies", driven in part by an inability to control crime and juvenile delinquency, particularly in North America, and a war between an alliance of the US, the UK and Russia against the "Chinese Hegemony". Two extraterrestrial civilizations are also depicted. The "Arachnids" or "Bugs" are shown as communal beings originating from the planet of Klendathu.

They have multiple castes; workers, soldiers, brains, and queens, similar to ants and termites. The soldiers are the only ones who fight, and are unable to surrender in battle. The "Skinnies" are depicted as less communal than the Arachnids but more so than human beings. The events of the novel take place during an interstellar war between the Terran Federation and the Arachnids. At the beginning of the story, Earth is not at war, but war has been declared by the time Rico has completed his training.[4] The Skinnies are initially allies of the Arachnids, but switch to being allies of the humans midway through the novel. Faster- than- light travel exists in this future: spacecraft operate under the "Cherenkov drive", and can travel "Sol to Capella, forty- six lightyears, in under six weeks". Starship Troopers is narrated by the main protagonist Juan "Johnny" Rico, a member of the "Mobile Infantry".

It is one of the few Heinlein novels which intersperses his typical linear narrative structure with a series of flashbacks.[4] These flashbacks are frequently to Rico's History and Moral Philosophy course in school, in which the teacher discusses the history of the structure of their society.[4][1.